“伽利略”卫星在轨任务控制系统高级规范综述

重点描述了＂伽利略＂卫星在轨任务控制系统高级规范的相关内容,其中包括系统规范和子系统规范,如系统监测和控制子系统、遥测监测子系统、遥控指令子系统和数据归档子系统等;就如何借鉴＂伽利略＂卫星在轨任务控制系统高级规范,提出了一些开展我国星座卫星在轨任务控制系统设计的策略和方法,如设计方法、实现途径、自动化和安全策略等。     

空域滤波器组对雷达阵列合成距离像的影响分析

为了简化雷达系统硬件设计和降低成本,可以使用多个窄带成分来合成宽带信号,从而获得满足实际需要的合成距离像。针对合成宽带信号和雷达阵列的特点,详细分析了结合合成宽带信号及传统空域滤波器组情况下所合成距离像的失真原因,指出合成距离像的失真由形状变形和位置平移两部分组成,且这两种失真分别由各个空域滤波器输出幅度和相位的波动所引起。同时,推导出计算对应相位和幅度失真度的理论公式,并由此给出了当合成距离像存在可接受失真时阵列的临界条件。计算机数值仿真结果验证了以上结论。     

高负荷涡轮进口导向叶片叶型设计及验证

针对涡轮进口导向叶片进口马赫数低、前部负荷小的特点,采用前缘截断思路构建了高负荷涡轮叶型,并采用Pritchard 11参数法进行重构设计。采用数值计算和平面叶栅试验开展了研究和分析。结果表明:高负荷叶型吸力面前缘马赫数显著提升,增加了叶片前部负荷。喉部峰值马赫数基本不变,但位置前移,负荷分布均匀性提高。叶型的马赫数特性和攻角特性表明,高负荷叶型在不同攻角和马赫数下,均能获得较低的总压损失,其中在设计马赫数,叶型负荷提升1倍的情况下,总压损失系数降低259%。      

空间科学任务协同设计过程优化

为了对概念设计阶段空间科学任务协同设计过程进行合理规划, 减少设计反馈, 降低系统耦合度, 提出了设计结构矩阵(DSM)过程建模和遗传算法(GA) 过程优化算法. 该方法采用DSM对空间科学任务设计活动序列进行建模, 通过DSM描述设计活动间的信息依赖关系, DSM上三角之和代表该设计活动序列设计反馈次数; 将 DSM对应的设计活动序列视为染色体, 采用GA进行序列优化, 最小化设计反馈次数. 通过过程优化算法获取最佳设计活动序列, 优化设计过程, 降低系统耦合度. 空间科学任务实例分析结果表明, 该方法能够有效应用于空间科学任务协同设计的过程建模和过程优化, 指导设计过程的制定.      

空间科学任务协同设计论证平台

空间科学任务协同设计论证存在设计方案耦合强,数据一致性差,数据变更难,数据与流程脱节等问题.为了解决上述问题,建立了典型空间科学任务的多层数字化模型;采用图形化方式对论证流程进行建模,并建立流程与数据的映射关系;通过共享数据池的方式为多岗位用户提供多方案数据协同机制;采用消息总线对数据变更进行及时提醒;利用方案依赖关系矩阵来判别方案耦合关系,最终自动合并任务总体设计方案.作为一个分布式平台,空间科学任务协同设计平台采用Eclipse RCP和Spring技术架构,整合了Hibernate、工作流Activiti5等中间件,提供统一门户,支持多岗位、多任务、多方案、多版本的管理能力,提供论证流程监控、数据协同交互等功能.结合某空间科学任务论证验证了该平台的有效性.      

基于Kalman滤波的空天飞行器再入制导算法

针对空天飞行器应用传统数值预测校正再入制导算法实时性不佳的问题,提出一种基于Kalman滤波的预测校正制导算法。该算法采取四阶多项式拟合速度-高度飞行剖面,利用Kalman滤波估计选定的速度点对应的高度,得到满足再入走廊及航程要求的拟合系数。在此基础上,减少一个终端约束,增加一个待估计剖面参数,可实现对再入过程飞行时间的调节。研究发现,再入过程中通过在线辨识修正不确定性参数能够提高制导指令的适应性;飞行末段利用跟踪参考剖面制导可有效避免飞行速度与终端速度接近时发生拟合系数求解发散的问题。多组不同再入条件下的算例仿真结果表明,基于Kalman滤波的空天飞行器再入制导算法实时性好,制导精度高,能够实现飞行时间可控,具有较强的鲁棒性和工程应用潜力。     

Grinding force and surface quality in creep feed profile grinding of turbine blade root of nickel-based superalloy with microcrystalline alumina abrasive wheels

Creep feed profile grinding of the fir-tree blade root forms of single crystal nickel-based superalloy was conducted using microcrystalline alumina abrasive wheels in the present study. The grinding force and the surface quality in terms of surface topography, subsurface microstructure, microhardness and residual stress obtained under different grinding conditions were evaluated comparatively. Experimental results indicated that the grinding force was influenced significantly by the competing predominance between the grinding parameters and the cross-sectional root workpiece profile. In addition, the root workpiece surface, including the root peak and valley regions, was produced with the large difference in surface quality due to the nonuniform grinding loads along the root workpiece profile in normal section. Detailed results showed that the surface roughness, subsurface plastic deformation and work hardening level of the root valley region were higher by up to 25%, 20% and 7% in average than those obtained in the root peak region, respectively, in the current investigation. Finally, the superior parameters were recommended in the creep feed profile grinding of the fir-tree blade root forms. This study is helpful to provide industry guidance to optimize the machining process for the high-valued parts with complicated profiles.     

基于解析解的人字齿轮齿廓修形动态分析

根据人字齿轮传动的结构,考虑时变啮合刚度、齿侧间隙,并把齿廓修形作为一种时变齿侧间隙计入,建立了单级人字齿轮传动的弯-扭-轴耦合动力学模型和相应的非线性动力学方程.对方程的数值解进行分析,发现合理的修形使人字齿轮传动不发生齿面的完全分离.基于多尺度法对不发生齿面完全分离时的人字齿轮传动系统进行了摄动分析,得到了系统在主共振频率附近幅频响应的近似解析解.相比数值方法,解析法具有很高的求解效率.最后,根据近似解析解研究了修形参数对动载系数幅值的影响.研究发现:螺旋角越大使动载系数最小所需的修形量越大,而所需的修形长度越小.另外,使动载系数最小的最优修形参数解域呈新月形,其随着主动轮支承刚度的增大而先增大后减小;随着被动轮支承刚度的增大而持续减小.      

Comparison of Antarctic riometer radio wave absorption and THEMIS mission energetic electron fluxes

Simultaneous observations of in situ plasma properties in the tail of the Earth’s magnetosphere and of ground based instruments, lying on the same geomagnetic field lines, have recently proved to yield significant new results. In most cases magnetosphere ionosphere interactions during the night-time northern hemisphere conditions are studied. Here, observations of energetic electrons in the tail of the Earth’s magnetosphere made by the THEMIS mission satellites are compared with auroral radio wave absorption determined by riometers in the Antarctic for sunlit conditions. Days for which satellites and riometers are connected by the same geomagnetic field line are selected using a geomagnetic field model. The six days analysed show clear associations between fluxes and absorptions in some cases. However, these do not necessarily correspond to conjugacy intervals. Hours of positive associations are 1.65 times those for negative associations, all hours and days considered (1.42–3.6 on five days and 0.58 on the other day). These computations are assumed appropriate since the footprints of the satellites used approximately follow corrected geomagnetic parallels for all six days studied. The use of a finer parameterization of geomagnetic models to determine conjugacy may be needed.     

Effect of U-grooves on high-lift low pressure turbine profile＇s incidence characteristics

以某高负荷低压涡轮叶型为研究对象,分析了该叶型在低雷诺数下的攻角特性,并应用了表面嵌壁式U形槽的被动控制方法来提高该叶型的攻角裕度.数值模拟的结果表明：相比较大的正攻角流动状况,叶型较大的负攻角并不会引起吸力面大的流动分离,从而减小了叶型损失;表面嵌壁式U型槽通过推迟分离、加速再附来减小分离泡甚至减小湍流湿面积,从而降低叶型损失;表面嵌壁式U型槽能否提高该叶型的攻角裕度与开槽位置和深度有关系,在±15°攻角范围内72%轴向弦长位置处开槽明显的降低了叶型损失而开槽深度为0.40mm时叶型损失最小.